Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors

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Any tumor locked within the confines of your skull or spinal column is taking away space from the tissue you need to think, walk, feel, smell, taste and live life. If it hasn’t infringed on your ability to function, it likely will soon.

Changes in brain cells’ DNA can lead them to grow uncontrollably or continue living when healthy cells normally would die. The accumulation of extra cells makes up a tumor.

Even a benign (noncancerous) brain or spinal column tumor is a very serious condition.

Thanks to advances in research and treatment, the survivability of benign or cancerous brain tumors has increased dramatically over the years.

Headache is the most common symptom of a brain tumor, but we all get headaches. If your headaches are persistent and wake you up at night, you should talk to a medical provider. If you don’t have a history of chronic headaches or migraine, but suddenly get headaches that become more frequent and painful over a few days or weeks, talk to a medical professional.

Brain and Spinal Cord Tumor Expertise Closer to Home

The physicians with Norton Healthcare Brain Tumor Center, a collaboration of  Norton Neuroscience Institute and Norton Cancer Institute, are also researchers. As frequent leaders of clinical trials into new therapies, our neuro-oncology, radiation oncology and neurosurgery specialists can offer access to new drugs and treatments before they’re approved for wider use. As researchers, our physicians are often more experienced than others with a new therapy once it’s approved for widespread use.

If you get a brain or spinal tumor diagnosis, you want to start getting better right away. We offer same-day appointments for newly diagnosed patients.

Our board-certified and fellowship-trained physicians practice at the Brain Tumor Center on the campus of Norton Brownsboro Hospital and downtown at the Norton Cancer Institute offices. Infusion centers are located across the Louisville and Southern Indiana area. Resource centers offer support and education.

The Brain Tumor Center is the region’s only comprehensive brain tumor center of its type. One location allows patients to schedule multiple appointments for the same day.

Brain and Spinal Tumor Signs and Symptoms

Brain or spinal cord tumors can cause a variety of symptoms, making early diagnosis difficult. Symptoms depend on where the tumor is located, its size, how quickly it’s growing and its type.

Headaches typically accompany a brain tumor, while back pain is a common early symptom of a spinal cord tumor. Of course, there are many causes of headache and back pain that aren’t tumors. If you have symptoms that are unusual for you or get worse over time, consult your primary care provider.

Up to half of people with brain tumors will have seizures at some point, according to the American Cancer Society.

Brain Tumor Symptoms

  • Headaches that may get gradually worse over time
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Blurred vision or hearing difficulty
  • Balance issues
  • Hallucinations or other psychotic episodes
  • Speech, language, thinking and memory issues
  • Personality or behavior changes
  • Seizures, especially with no underlying cause as an adult
  • Drowsiness or even coma

Spinal Cord Tumor Symptoms

  • Sharp, burning or tingling back pain
  • Numbness, particularly in the arms or legs
  • Movement issues and loss of muscle control
  • Trouble walking
  • Bowel or bladder control issues

Brain Tumor Risk Factors

Brain tumors typically have no obvious cause, but there are a few factors that can increase the risk.

  • Radiation exposure
  • Family history of conditions such as neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis
  • Weakened immune system

Types of Central Nervous System Tumors

  • Gliomas. These malignancies are the most common type of brain tumor. Types of glioma include astrocytomas, midline gliomas, ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas and optic gliomas. Prognosis for a glioma depends on how serious the tumor is, as well as your age and medical history.
  • Medulloblastomas and neuroblastomas are two types of cancerous embryonal tumors that can form from cells left over from initial development of the nervous system.
  • Meningioma. This typically benign tumor starts in the meninges, membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. A meningioma grows slowly and rarely spreads.
  • Pituitary tumors. These small tumors form in the pituitary gland. Most are benign and are more common with age.

Second Opinions

You are encouraged to get second opinions after our diagnosis, and we are ready to help other centers review your case. You are the most important person in your brain tumor care. Understanding your treatment options is an important step on your path to recovery.

We welcome the opportunity to provide an opinion if you’ve received a brain tumor diagnosis. Fill out our secure form, and we’ll be in touch within three business days.

Brain Tumor Treatments

We fuse multiple imaging modalities such as MRI, CT or positron emission tomography (PET) scans to ensure optimal accuracy when targeting brain tumors. This helps us destroy brain tumor cells while avoiding damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue.

Brain Cancer Chemotherapy

In addition to advancements in conventional chemotherapy, the Norton Healthcare Brain Tumor Center is actively involved in the search for immunotherapy treatments for brain cancer. Our physicians routinely take part in clinical trials of new and innovative treatments that use the body’s immune system to target brain cancer cells.

Brain Tumor Treating Fields

Tumor treating fields (TTF) deliver an electric field to the outside of the patient’s head, intended to disrupt tumor cells’ ability to grow and spread.

Newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients appear to benefit if the tumor treating fields treatment, also known as alternating electrical field therapy, is combined with chemotherapy treatments and radiation therapy.

A glioblastoma survivor and his wife look to the future

John and Jessica Bostock were at an exciting time in their lives when John was diagnosed with glioblastoma. Six years later, John is a glioblastoma survivor.

Read John and Jessica’s Story

Brain Tumor Surgery

NeuroBlate laser interstitial thermal therapy uses real-time MRI to guide a laser probe, offering precision to destroy abnormal tissue while doing as little harm as possible to surrounding healthy tissue. Norton Healthcare has been using NeuroBlate longer than any other provider in the region.

Brain Tumor Radiation Therapy

  • Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using TrueBeam technology is an innovation on the much older Gamma Knife and CyberKnife platforms. TrueBeam SRS does not require surgical attachment of a head frame for treatment. Combined with improved localization and increased particle energy, patients can cut treatment times by up to 80%.
  • Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an advanced brain tumor treatment that customizes beams of radiation to match the shape of a brain tumor. IMRT increases the safety and efficiency of each radiation dose.
  • Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) uses images taken before your treatment to plan the application of powerful radiation beams to kill cancer cells. Using advanced imaging to precisely plan the target of the energy beams can allow for higher doses, fewer treatments and less risk of damage to normal cells.

Brain Tumor Team

Norton Cancer Institute

Regional Leader in Cancer Care

  • First in the world to treat a patient with a novel combination therapy for newly diagnosed acute leukemia
  • First in the world to treat a solid tumor patient with ONC-841, a novel immunotherapy drug targeting the SIGLEC-10 immune checkpoint molecule
  • Access to over 170 clinical trials, offering local patients the same leading-edge options available at top national centers
  • Nationally recognized center for early-phase research, with 23 active Phase 1 clinical trials underway
  • Patients from 20-plus U.S. states and two foreign countries have chosen Norton Cancer Institute for innovative cancer care
  • Only in Kentucky: Home to a state-of-the-art Norton Cancer Institute Genomics Lab, with support from the Norton Healthcare Foundation and Steven Vanover Foundation, enabling highly precise, genetically targeted cancer therapies
  • Gamma Tile Center of Excellence, as well as a two-time Novalis certification for setting the standard for stereotactic radiation
  • Subspecialized, board-certified oncologists leading cancer research and treatment advancements
  • Same-day or next-day appointments for newly diagnosed patients, plus multiple locations and valet parking to facilitate access to care
  • Multidisciplinary clinics to provide same-day, same-location access to multiple specialists for more convenient, coordinated care
  • Fully accredited by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer, the National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers and the American College of Radiology

Care Designed With You in Mind

  • Comprehensive patient support, with five Norton Cancer Institute Resource Centers throughout Louisville and Southern Indiana, a patient navigator program, Norton Cancer Institute Behavioral Oncology Program, Norton Palliative Care Program, classes and events, art and music therapy, genetic counseling, nutrition services, financial counseling, pastoral care, and more
  • Medicare, Medicaid and most major insurances accepted, ensuring broad access to care
  • Specialty pharmacy services offer timely, accurate prescriptions with direct pharmacist-provider collaboration
  • 24/7 access to care tools via Norton MyChart — message providers, manage appointments, refill prescriptions and more
  • The Norton Healthcare Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Norton Healthcare’s not-for-profit adult-care services, continuously supporting the purchase of new equipment, programs, education and funding of research to ensure our patients stay up to date with medical advances and technology

Awards and Accreditations

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